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Blog
By Danielle Binks
I am guilty of doing what millions of people do in October; I choose the pink product over the regular. I've bought bottles of water with pink lids, forked out a couple of dollars for a pink silk ribbon pin and gifted pink ballpoint pens to friends. Mindless little purchases often made at the checkout counter in a snap decision, trying to do my little bit to help.
Little did I realise that this mindless naiveté at the checkout counter is part of a bigger, global capitalist problem – and it’s brilliantly explored in the must-see documentary released last year, ‘Pink Ribbons Inc.’ Directed by Léa Pool and based on the 2008 book by Samantha King, ‘Pink Ribbons, Inc.: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy.’ ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’ is a “feature documentary that shows how the devastating reality of breast cancer, which marketing experts have labelled a "dream cause," becomes obfuscated by a shiny, pink story of success.”
The film delves into all aspects of the mega pink ribbon franchise, from its grass-roots origins as a salmon-coloured cloth ribbon designed by Charlotte Haley, to how Estée Lauder and Self Magazine reappropriated the ribbon (with the help of their legal team) and used a female focus group to decide on the new pink colour (thought to be comforting).
Social critics, surgeons and doctors are interviewed and there is an overwhelming consensus that while the pink ribbon campaign has succeeded in awareness, it has not managed to go beyond to the next crucial step of behavioural change. And, in fact, the awareness in itself can be detrimental, as Barbara A. Brenner – Executive Director of Breast Cancer Action in San Francisco – explains, ‘There are many people to this day who believe that if they get a mammogram, they won’t get breast cancer. They end up with breast cancer, they say “but I got my mammograms! How can I have breast cancer?” – that’s because we gave them the wrong message. It’s the wrong message – it’s that simple.’ Brenner goes on to explain that; ‘Early detection, put simply, works for some. You find some cancers early enough, they’re treatable, they get their treatments, they live a long life. For some people early detection just means finding something that will never be life threatening and we treat them anyway and then they get sick from the treatment. And for some people, early detection means you have a kind of cancer that’s so aggressive that our currently available treatments can’t help you and it doesn’t matter when we find it. That’s not hard to understand – but people don’t like that message. Everyone wants to think that they’re in the first group.’
This focus on how awareness is both a blessing and a curse to the cause was recently examined in Australia. It was revealed that Kylie Minogue’s 2005 diagnosis with breast cancer raised unprecedented awareness in the target demographic of younger women who had never before had mammograms, but this awareness was a double-edged sword because it also exposed those same women to the unnecessary risk of radiation and to the potential of false-positive results.
The film also speaks to women currently diagnosed with breast cancer, and those who have ‘fought’ the ‘battle’ and ‘beaten’ the disease. In particular, Léa Pool introduces us to a group of women with Stage Four breast cancer who are struggling with the collective pink ribbon message. These women say they are learning to die, because there is no Stage Five and no treatments for their cancer – but the pink ribbon message is about being a SURVIVOR who FIGHTS and WINS – and they fail to see how that message applies or helps them. This terminology of fighting/battling/winning insinuates that if you do ‘lose the battle’, then it’s just because you didn’t fight hard enough. You didn’t want it bad enough. There’s really not much support for women in the final stages of breast cancer – so much of the pink campaign is based around inspirational hope, survival, battling, overcoming – and so little on the reality, on coping with the worst possible scenario and living with dignity to the end. These women are not alone, and indeed you can find new support groups who deal with rebelling against what Samantha King calls ‘the Tyranny of Cheerfulness’. Take ‘The Angry Breast Cancer Survivors’, for example
These women Pool interviews are also affronted by the entire look of the pink ribbon campaign. As social critic and breast cancer ‘survivor’, Barbara Ehrenreich points out, cancer shouldn’t be pretty; ‘It’s not pretty. It’s horrible.’ But this is the bigger, capitalist picture exposed in ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’ – which is that breast cancer has become ‘the poster child of corporate cause-related marketing campaigns.’ Brenner also points out that because it’s a disease that affects women, much of the marketing is bordering on ‘sexy’, and people are thrilled at the chance to use the word ‘breast’ on daytime television.
In North America, 80% of the household buying decisions are made by women – so it’s no surprise when you start taking note of the products that are ‘pinkified’, everything from vacuum cleaners to toasters, blenders and tote bags. There have been campaigns like ‘Think Before You Pink’ which have worked to be critical of the companies cashing in on the pink cause – who take umbrage at pink handguns, but really sink their teeth into products that have inherent hypocrisy. Like KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) promoting pink buckets of hormone-injected chickens. The worst offenders of this pink hypocrisy are makeup companies who sell products containing petroleum, lead, formaldehyde, which penetrate the blood through the skin and are hazardous to your health, but many of these products are ‘pinkified’. It’s disgusting to think that Estée Lauder use chemicals linked to cancer, while promoting Breast Cancer Awareness – but they’re such a huge component of the entire pink ribbon campaign (indeed, it was their focus group who settled on the iconic pink colour) that it’s a good bet they’ll never break ties with their lucrative cause.
It’s also worth questioning if the lack of environmental cancer research is due to the very fact that so many companies would immediately have to start questioning their role in being a hindrance, not a help, to the cause. I mean, if you say we need clean air to help prevent cancer – then you can’t have an affiliation with Ford.
But what can we learn from the provoking ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’? For one thing, too many people believe that the cure is the answer – so we’re not very critical of the pharmaceutical work being carried out in the name of that cure. Again, more environmental cancer research is needed.
Everyone interviewed in ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’ is quick to point out that people on the ground of the pink ribbon cause have the best of intentions, which makes the capitalist gains that much more awful, and a manipulation of the worst kind – because they monopolize on our good intentions and our fear. On the one hand the pink ribbon campaign has not done much for the cause beyond awareness, with no behavioural change – it’s at once toothless, but still cashing in on an ultimately unsuccessful campaign, making it heartless too. As one woman with Stage Four breast cancer points out; “It’s almost like our disease is being used by people to profit. And that’s not okay.” This is very true; the pink ribbon is making breast cancer the bottom line, and people are buying it – it’s working for them, not for us.
Barbara A. Brenner agrees that this is a capitalist problem, this belief that ‘if we just throw enough money at something, we’ll understand it.’ What we now need, ironically, is an awareness campaign similar to the one pink ribbon has perfected – because “for people to rise up and object, they have to be told.” And when you see the global and pervasive movement of the pink ribbon campaign, you do realize that people want to help. They are desperate to show their support, to offer a little bit of themselves (whether it be in a fun run, or buying that pink-lidded bottle of water). We just need to direct them to the right cause. The same way the Pink Ribbon campaign hit us over the head with a sledgehammer for awareness – we must do the same thing with exposing their agenda. In this case, awareness is the most important first step.
A resounding message of the documentary is also that anger can be a good thing, when directed in a powerful way. The cheerful, upbeat, warrior-woman message of the pink ribbon campaign has some merit too – but as the women interviewed throughout ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’ repeat again and again; cancer is horrible. It’s not pretty. It’s not pretty in pink. It’s just horrible. Women should get angry that the only common factor of breast cancer is that it affects women, and that we’re no closer to find a cure or a cause. People should question where their donated money goes and what it’s doing to find cause and prevention. Women who suffer from breast cancer should not feel compelled to be cheerful, upbeat or smiling pink warriors who run/jump/walk for the cause – they should be allowed and encouraged to get angry. I would suggest that all women watch ‘Pink Ribbons Inc’ and direct their anger at the very campaign that says they have their best interests at heart – when really all they’re doing is slapping an overpriced pink bandaid on a bullet wound.
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By: Danielle Binks
I’m not a big fan of ‘cop shows’ or police procedurals. The Australian shows tend to be overly-blokey, as if they’re all still working from the ‘Division 4’ blueprint. American crime shows are often overly-stylized with impossibly beautiful people (‘CSI’) or they’ve been around for so long and become so stale that you can’t help but poke fun at the abundance of spin-offs they’ve spawned (‘CSI’, ‘Law & Order’). British crime shows go the other way, more often than not based around a crotchety old white guy who hates the world but is intent on doing his job for Queen and Country (‘Taggart’, ‘A Touch of Frost’, ‘Inspector Morse’ … the list goes on and on).
If you’re like me and sick of these same-same crime shows overpopulated with prickly male officers, then allow me to offer you a worthwhile alternative in ‘The Bletchley Circle’, a British three-part show which just finished airing on ITV.
‘The Bletchley Circle’ begins in 1943, at Bletchley Park, the British code-breaking HQ. We meet a young woman named Susan (played by Anna Maxwell Martin) who is on the brink of decrypting an important German code that will decipher artillery movement. Susan’s colleagues include confident Millie (Rachael Stirling) and quiet girl Lucy (Sophie Rundle) who also happens to have a valuable photographic memory. Overseeing these women’s work is formidable Jean (Julie Graham). Having top office acknowledge that her sixth-sense about an encrypted message was accurate and will be put to use on the frontlines, Susan goes to bed amazed that she, an ordinary woman, has quite possibly informed the movements of an entire battalion of soldiers. Millie quips that Susan couldn’t be ordinary if she tried, and Susan wonders what life will be like for them after the war.
Skip ahead nine years later and Susan is a mother of two, and wife to Timothy, who works a dull (but impressive, to him at least) job at the Department of Transportation. Timothy served in the war and has a bad leg thanks to a near-miss. As with all of the Bletchley women code-breakers, Susan has never spoken of her time at the Park – her husband believes she did clerical work during the war effort, nothing more. The fact that she’s a deft hand at the morning crossword puzzle is the most thought Timothy has given to his wife’s extraordinary brain . Until, that is, a news story captures Susan’s attention.
A fourth brutally murdered woman has just been discovered, following on from three previous murders of young, travelling, single women that have Londoners on edge. But with this fourth discovered body, the pattern is all wrong and something does not sit right with Susan. Because she has been following the story over the wireless, and mapping the patterns – following the killer’s routine and habits. So convinced is she that Susan rings in her husband’s old wartime connection to the police commissioner, and she tries to explain her discovered pattern to him, with little success.
So Susan is forced to connect with her old Park friends – Millie, Lucy and Jean. She needs their help to figure out the patterns, and capture the killer.
This show is brilliant. On the one hand, it’s wonderful to see a show that pays tribute to the Bletchley Park female code-breakers. The Park was the hub of Allied cryptography during WWII, and many of the code-breakers secretly working there were women; in fact, 80% of them. The Park was where Germany’s infamous ‘Enigma’ code was broken, with the help of the female-operated ‘Bombe’ electromechanical device.
The Bletchley code-breakers are an incredible slice of history, and it’s not really until very recently that their wartime stories were even heard. They had to keep their silence for thirty years for one thing, because of secrecy laws that remained in place until 1975 – after which a slew of autobiographies were released (to little fanfare) detailing the women’s work. In fact, it was only last year that the Queen unveiled a memorial to them at the Bletchley Park museum.
There’s one scene in ‘The Bletchley Circle’ when Susan’s husband, Timothy, appears dressed in his old service uniform, having prepared to pay tribute to the soldier who saved his life – but he’s annoyed at the fact that Susan is running late (to catch a killer, admittedly) and he couldn’t attend the service. One wonders how those Bletchley women felt, seeing all the ceremonies and parades the men received and the continuing memorials – a chance to come together with old comrades. And the women had nothing so grand and public to remember and reminisce about what they did during the war. The secrets they had to keep.
Another strength of the ITV show, is that it examines the very different, and somewhat unsatisfactory, lives that these four Bletchley women built for themselves after the excitement and purposefulness they experienced during the war. Susan became a wife and mother, and it’s during scenes when she’s in the kitchen or at the dinner table that viewers can see how tightly-coiled she is. This is a woman with a brilliant, mathematical and analytical mind who spends her days preparing a roast and listening to her husband talk about his possible promotion at the Department of Transportation. Not bad unto itself, but she wants more, craves it even. At one point Timothy, infuriatingly, promises to bring a new book of puzzles home for Susan to chew through – as if that will satisfy her. It’s not that she doesn’t love her life and family, it’s that she can’t show them who she really is, or once was.
Then there’s Millie, who had a great adventure after the war travelling all over the world. Millie harbours a small resentment towards Susan, who promised she’d go travelling with her but chose her husband instead. Not even a postcard picture imploring Susan to “Never be ordinary!” could persuade her to join Millie in Africa and beyond. Nine years later and Millie is a fiery independent single woman working as a waitress, but clearly longing for more adventures.
Jean became a librarian, and while she resents Susan’s implication that they’re all missing the feeling of being useful and important, it doesn’t take long before Jean is looking around at her life and seeing the gaps that Bletchley Park left in her. Jean does a brilliant job of rallying past female War volunteers to their investigation, proving that she’s just as resourceful as she was when overseeing the Park code-breakers work.
And then there’s Lucy, who has had the worst lot since leaving Bletchley Park – married to a mean and violent husband. A shy and beautiful young woman, she is plagued with a photographic memory that becomes dastardly handy and burdensome during their murder investigation. She remembers everything.
The four-strong female cast of ‘The Bletchley Circle’ is what really makes this show – and though the murder investigation is heart-palpitating and cunning, it’s the renewed friendship of the women that’s really touching and incredible.
‘The Bletchley Circle’s is one of the smartest whodunits I've seen in a long time – it’s more Agatha Christie than Inspector Morse (and Thank God for that!) With a nod to the fascinating history of the Bletchley Park code-breakers, and examining the lives of women after the war effort, this is not your typical crime show and should not be missed.
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By: Bernadette Green
Recently, I’ve noticed quite a bit of pro-prostitution articles, movies and TV shows circulating. There’s the upcoming US series starring Jennifer Love Hewitt who plays a Texan mum living a double life, The Client List. Then there are the movies Careless Love and The Girlfriend Experience, to name but two. All something to look forward to I’m sure but an article that really lit a fire under me was Hannah Bett’s interview with Dr Brooke Magnanti, author of the bestsellers, The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl and The Further Adventures of a London Call Girl, adapted into a TV series, Secret Diary of a Call Girl. The article did the rounds overseas and was published here in The Age. Hannah reports that Dr Magnanti, while completing her doctorate in informantics, epidemiology and forensic science, worked as a London call girl for fourteen months, in order to fund her London lifestyle. The article made for fascinating reading but what really inspired me, was Dr Magnanti asked Hannah to ‘be an ally,’ comparing the way prostitutes are treated by law and society today, to how gays were treated twenty years ago. Dr Magnanti tells Hannah that what they need are people like her to say, ‘I myself am not a prostitute but I do not object to their existence’. Hannah finishes off her piece with these wise words, ‘Magnanti’s book will have me – and legions of others – ready to join the cause’.
I’m with Hannah. I’m putting up my hand to join the cause and I urge others to do the same. But before we get too excited we need to understand that the road will not be easy. The prostitution industry has a pretty bad track record, sexual abuse, human trafficking, drug dependency, and exploitation of the poor and underprivileged, you get my drift. But let’s not condemn it, many industries with dirty pasts have been able to clean themselves up and the prostitution industry should be no different. However, it will take a complete overhaul, new policies and practices will need to adopted. The best way to achieve this is to aim for those lofty pinnacles of goodness and transparency, Organic and Fairtrade certification. I’m not kidding, once the industry has those stamps of approval we can all feel proud to say, ‘I myself am not a prostitute but I do not object to their existence’. So let’s put our heads and hearts together and get certified.
According to the Australian Certified Organic website, organic systems work in harmony with nature, keeping harmful chemicals out of our land, water and air, creating a healthy environment rich in wildlife, woodlands and nutrients.
I have tweaked it a little bit to fit our purposes. Organic prostitution works in harmony with nature, keeping harmful chemicals out of our women, creating a healthy environment, thereby ensuring their woodlands are rich with wildlife and nutrients.
Five Step Plan to Organic Certified Hookers
- Firstly I propose bringing back the bush. We need to be sure we are attracting the kind of customers who want women, not the ones who are dreaming of little girls. And, according to Dr Emily Gibson, pubic hair removal increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. As reported on ninemsm, ‘Waxing pubic hair increases STI risk, doctor warns.’
- No anal bleaching, we don’t want everyone thinking the back door is the front door. It’s special entry only, and always at the discretion of the owner.
- No snatch snipping. We want the diversity our hookers were born with.
- No cosmetic surgery of any kind. Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes.
- No drug addictions. The stuff that’s being popped, sniffed or shot-up is most likely not organic. Secondly we can’t be accused of having dependent girls, that might indicate they’d chosen this profession out of desperation rather than answering a true calling.
According to the Fairtrade Australia New Zealand website.
Fairtrade is about better prices, decent working conditions, local sustainability, and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in the developing world. By requiring companies to pay sustainable prices, fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which traditionally discriminates against the poorest, weakest producers. It enables them to improve their position and have more control over their lives.
Again a bit of tweaking. Better prices, decent working conditions, local sustainability, and fair terms of trade for women in the prostitution industry, now that would be fairtrade. By requiring customers to pay sustainable prices, fairtrade addresses the injustices of current practices, which traditionally discriminates against the poorest, weakest women and girls. It enables prostitutes to improve their position and have more control over their lives.
Eleven Step Plan to Fairtrade Certified Hookers
- Prostitution should always be a free choice, therefore we need to level the playing field. To achieve this we need to fix the pay gap between boys and girls and encourage non-traditional trades for girls. You wouldn’t believe the difference in the pay packet of a qualified electrician and a qualified beauty technician.
2. A happy hooker is a safe hooker. All customers need to be vetoed before their money is accepted. Not all men who visit prostitutes are fans of the female sex.
3. Customers to pay sustainable prices. In Hannah Betts article, Dr Magnanti declared that she was paid three hundred pound an hour, which is roughly four hundred and fifty Australian dollars, that seems a reasonable place to start. Dr Maganti did also say that a third of this went to her Madame. That’s fair. The boss is going to need some serious money to fund the state of the art facilities necessary to guarantee the comfort and safety of these women. 4. The industry needs to be transparent; after all it does have a nasty reputation for being linked to crime syndicates. Know where your dollars are going.
5. Fairtrade addresses the injustices of current practices, which traditionally discriminates against the poorest, weakest women and girls. Trafficking. LET’S STOP IT NOW. Boys before handing over your bucks, make sure the girl didn’t enter the country thinking she’d committed to a nannying job and instead found herself the exotic fantasy of men who cared nothing for her humanity. Don’t be a part of the problem be a part of the solution.
6. If a university student is really that keen for copious amounts of sex then good for her, let her have the job. But let’s first ask how her male equivalents are paying their way through university? Are they turning to prostitution as well? Is this a class war? A sex war? Are only working class and middle class girls turning tricks for their degrees or are the rich girls and boys joining them and it’s all for a bit of fun? Let’s have universities asking these questions.
7. Now while you won’t find this sentiment shared by prostitutes across the world, there is the phenomenon of the woman who finds power in prostitution. Which is great, we should all have the good fortune of finding power in our work. But let’s make sure that turning tricks isn’t her only access to power. Whatever happened to Super Girl and why wasn’t there a Super Woman? Let’s create a culture where little girls are brought up with a sense of their power, not a belief that they are less powerful than boys. Then and only then, can we truly appreciate that the power a prostitute is feeling is real solid gold power.
8. Authors, movie companies, advertisers, clothes designers, teachers and parents, please stop your ceaseless campaign of pushing the idea to girls that their looks are more important than the rest of their being. That way, if they choose to become a hooker later in life, then we know it’s a calling, not an attempt at self-sabotage.
9. All prostitutes should have the right to refuse a client.
10. Any sexual act that could be considered harmful to ones physical or mental health should be refused or limited by these special women at their own discretion.
11. I’m really keen for this campaign to work and the only way to do that it to keep the fair in fairtrade. Let’s show our girls that they’re as important as the boys. Let them see that our community respects both its female and male sports heroes. Let them grow up as witnesses to strong female role models in a culture that takes them seriously. That way, in whatever choice they make, in whatever direction they go, we can say it was a fair choice.
Well there you have it. Let’s roll up our sleeves and make our culture one of opportunity and equality for all humans. Only then, can you be guaranteed that when you ask for an organic and fairtrade certified prostitute that you’ll receive the happy hooker you paid for.
And for some reading on the harmful practices of the current system, please check out Not for Sale edited by Christine Stark and Rebecca Whisnant, The Idea of Prostitution by Sheila Jeffreys, Making Sex Work by Mary Lucille Sullivan and highly commended in the 2012 Australian Educational Publishing Awards Secondary Reference resource section, Big Porn Inc edited by Melinda Tankard Reist and Abigail Bray.
  
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By: Spinifex intern, Jacalyn
Just another step closer to the ‘perfect’ vagina as the product 18 Again was launched recently, targeting the Indian community. A vaginal tightening cream, 18 Again allows you to feel like a virgin again and act as a tool for female ‘empowerment’. A tight vagina is just another to add to the list of items made to lower a woman’s self-esteem in the name of patriarchal purity.
This is not the first vaginal product to attempt to rejuvenate and beautify our lady parts, especially for Indian women. Lightening creams were sold in India with an advertisement suggesting all marital problems would no longer exist if only you had a lighter vagina. The strapline for the lightening cream says it all; “Life for women will now be fresher, cleaner and more importantly fairer and more intimate”.
Companies have an uncanny talent for preying on women by telling us what is beautiful. For Indian women they must be fair skinned (the lighter the better!) in an attempt to look like Western Caucasian. How ironic that us Australian women are being told bronzed, sun kissed skin is beautiful with numerous tanning creams and sprays. It seems the way to beautiful nowadays is paved by changing our vaginas as much as possible; pubic hair dyes, creams to restore the pinkness and even bedazzle jewels (termed as vajazzling) applied after a wax.
Companies like Dove who are apparently spokespersons for real beauty; including women of all sizes and ethnicity in their campaign, are just as guilty as the numerous other companies that make sure every woman knows natural is not beautiful. Moneymakers such as these achieve in keeping the patriarchal preference of the perceived ‘perfect woman’ alive. A beautiful, dolled up, sexualised virgin. All women should be plucked, tucked, tanned or lightened with ‘natural make-up’, anti-aging creams, moisturisers, wax, razors and skinny legs that should go on forever. With all this pruning or ‘empowering’ how can we find the time to vacuum in our pretty dresses and stilettos and make sandwiches for our men?
I must agree with writer Ruby Hamad who claims ‘18 Again is another manifestation of empowerment-as-sex-object.’ Having a vagina that is light, tight and bedazzled enough to resemble a disco ball will by no means ‘empower’ women. All these products, despite their miraculous claims, will achieve is cashing in on women’s insecurities and ensure we are never quite comfortable in our own skin.
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By: Danielle Binks
The world’s richest woman appeared in a YouTube video, asking Australians to take heed of African work ethic: “Africans want to work and its workers are willing to work for less than $2 per day.” No, she wasn’t joking. Gina Rinehart said it all with a straight face and authoritative voice for the Sydney Mining Club. And just a few weeks prior, the mining-magnate heiress was telling a British newspaper; "there is no monopoly on becoming a millionaire," and suggested that those of us jealous of her wealth should “spend less time drinking or smoking and socialising, and more time working." All of this, despite the fact that Gina Rinehart inherited her wealth from her mining tycoon father, and in her entire life has had to do little more than suck greedily on the silver spoon of Hancock Prospecting.
Between those gluttonously idiotic comments, Ms Rinehart’s family warfare, her opposing the mining tax for obvious personal-gain and attempts to monopolise Fairfax, there is plenty to lambast her over. She spews enough transparently stupid rubbish to keep her critics in coffers for eternity.
Why then, does much of the criticism against Rinehart often degenerate into yellow-bellied schoolyard bullying about her appearance?
Martin Luther King believed people should “not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character.” Can’t we use that same logic in condemnation of Gina Rinehart? I honestly don’t care about her appearance when her politics and YouTube diatribes offer more than enough ammunition against her. It’s taking a cheap shot to criticise her weight and face when what she’s saying offers up a veritable feast of ridicule and derision all by itself.
And, while we’re on the topic, can this logic also be applied to criticism of Prime Minister Julia Gillard? No, she’s not perfect and some of her policies deserve question and criticism. But I have more respect for the cartoonist (*cough Larry Pickering *cough*) and commentator who criticises the PM based on the content of her policy than the colour of her hair…
… or the size of her arse (*cough* Germaine Greer *cough*)
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Out Now
 In the cold winter of 1875, two rebellious spirits travel from the pale sunlight of England to the raw heat of Australia....  Beautifully written by First Nations women on Gurindji country where the fight for equal wages began. This book...  I am seen by many as a danger. As having failed to understand the new rules, the new paradigm of successful motherhood.
 NEW EDITION
The women in this book may be among the last to have babies without the medical stamp of approval.
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